# PODNAME: Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Document_AugmentAndInner
# ABSTRACT: The augment modifier, which turns normal method overriding "inside-out"

__END__

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Moose::Cookbook::Basics::Document_AugmentAndInner - The augment modifier, which turns normal method overriding "inside-out"

=head1 VERSION

version 2.2011

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  package Document::Page;
  use Moose;

  has 'body' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', default => sub {''} );

  sub create {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->open_page;
      inner();
      $self->close_page;
  }

  sub append_body {
      my ( $self, $appendage ) = @_;
      $self->body( $self->body . $appendage );
  }

  sub open_page  { (shift)->append_body('<page>') }
  sub close_page { (shift)->append_body('</page>') }

  package Document::PageWithHeadersAndFooters;
  use Moose;

  extends 'Document::Page';

  augment 'create' => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->create_header;
      inner();
      $self->create_footer;
  };

  sub create_header { (shift)->append_body('<header/>') }
  sub create_footer { (shift)->append_body('<footer/>') }

  package TPSReport;
  use Moose;

  extends 'Document::PageWithHeadersAndFooters';

  augment 'create' => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->create_tps_report;
      inner();
  };

  sub create_tps_report {
      (shift)->append_body('<report type="tps"/>');
  }

  # <page><header/><report type="tps"/><footer/></page>
  my $report_xml = TPSReport->new->create;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This recipe shows how the C<augment> method modifier works. This
modifier reverses the normal subclass to parent method resolution
order. With an C<augment> modifier the I<least> specific method is
called first. Each successive call to C<inner> descends the
inheritance tree, ending at the most specific subclass.

The C<augment> modifier lets you design a parent class that can be
extended in a specific way. The parent provides generic wrapper
functionality, and the subclasses fill in the details.

In the example above, we've created a set of document classes, with
the most specific being the C<TPSReport> class.

We start with the least specific class, C<Document::Page>. Its create
method contains a call to C<inner()>:

  sub create {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->open_page;
      inner();
      $self->close_page;
  }

The C<inner> function is exported by C<Moose>, and is like C<super>
for augmented methods. When C<inner> is called, Moose finds the next
method in the chain, which is the C<augment> modifier in
C<Document::PageWithHeadersAndFooters>. You'll note that we can call
C<inner> in our modifier:

  augment 'create' => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->create_header;
      inner();
      $self->create_footer;
  };

This finds the next most specific modifier, in the C<TPSReport> class.

Finally, in the C<TPSReport> class, the chain comes to an end:

  augment 'create' => sub {
      my $self = shift;
      $self->create_tps_report;
      inner();
  };

We do call the C<inner> function one more time, but since there is no
more specific subclass, this is a no-op. Making this call means we can
easily subclass C<TPSReport> in the future.

=head1 CONCLUSION

The C<augment> modifier is a powerful tool for creating a set of
nested wrappers. It's not something you will need often, but when you
do, it is very handy.

=begin testing

my $tps_report = TPSReport->new;
isa_ok( $tps_report, 'TPSReport' );

is(
    $tps_report->create,
    q{<page><header/><report type="tps"/><footer/></page>},
    '... got the right TPS report'
);

=end testing

=head1 AUTHORS

=over 4

=item *

Stevan Little <stevan.little@iinteractive.com>

=item *

Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

=item *

Jesse Luehrs <doy@tozt.net>

=item *

Shawn M Moore <code@sartak.org>

=item *

יובל קוג'מן (Yuval Kogman) <nothingmuch@woobling.org>

=item *

Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>

=item *

Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

=item *

Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@weftsoar.net>

=item *

Chris Prather <chris@prather.org>

=item *

Matt S Trout <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2006 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut
